A 4-Gb/s CMOS Clock and Data Recovery Circuit Using 1=8-Rate Clock Technique

A 4-Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit is realized in a 0.25m standard CMOS technology. The CDR circuit exploits 1 8-rate clock technique to facilitate the design of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and to eliminate the need of 1:4 demultiplexer, thereby achieving low power consumption. The VCO incorporates the ring oscillator configuration with active inductor loads, generating four half-quadrature clocks. The VCO control line comprises both a programmable 6-bit digital coarse control and a folded differential fine control through a charge-pump and a low pass filter. Duty-cycle correction of clock signals is obtained by exploiting a high common-mode rejection ratio differential amplifier at the ring oscillator output. A 1 8-rate linear phase detector accomplishes the phase error detection with no systematic phase offset and inherently performs the 1:4 demultiplexing. Test chips demonstrate the jitter of the recovered clock to be 5.2 ps rms and 47 ps pk-pk for 2 1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) input data. The phase noise is measured to be 112 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset. The measured bit error rate is less than 10 6 for 2 1 PRBS. The chip excluding output buffers dissipates 70 mW from a single 2.5-V supply.